Sunday, 21 August 2011

Ramadhan Day 20 - Quran, Chapter 20


Surah 27, An-Naml (The Ant), Verses 67-93 & Surah 28, Al-Qasas (The Stories), 88 Verses & Surah 29, Al-Ankaboot (The Spider), Verses 1-45

Continuing with Surah 27 from yesterday and the remaining 2 sections.

Surah 27, An- Naml (The Ant)
Sections 6 & 7: The resurrection, sure 7 The coming of the Day of Judgement, verses 67-93

"Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Travel in the land and see the nature of the sequel for the guilty! And grieve thou not for them, nor be in distress because of what they plot (against thee)." (Verses 69-70)

"Lo! thy Lord is full of bounty for mankind, but most of them do not give thanks. Lo! thy Lord knoweth surely all that their bosoms hide, and all that they proclaim. And there is nothing hidden in the heaven or the earth but it is in a clear Record." (Verses 73-75)

"Therefor (O Muhammad) put thy trust in Allah, for thou (standest) on the plain Truth. Lo! thou canst not make the dead to hear, nor canst thou make the deaf to hear the call when they have turned to flee; Nor canst thou lead the blind out of their error. Thou canst make none to hear, save those who believe Our revelations and who have surrendered." (Verses 79-81)

"And when the word is fulfilled concerning them, We shall bring forth a beast of the earth to speak unto them because mankind had not faith in Our revelations. And (remind them of) the Day when We shall gather out of every nation a host of those who denied Our revelations, and they will be set in array; Till, when they come (before their Lord), He will say: Did ye deny My revelations when ye could not compass them in knowledge, or what was it that ye did? And the Word will be fulfilled concerning them because they have done wrong, and they will not speak." (Verses 82-85)

"And (remind them of) the Day when the Trumpet will be blown, and all who are in the heavens and the earth will start in fear, save him whom Allah willeth. And all come unto Him, humbled." (Verse 87)

"(Say): I (Muhammad) am commanded only to serve the Lord of this land which He hath hallowed, and unto Whom all things belong. And I am commanded to be of those who surrender (unto Him), And to recite the Qur'an. And whoso goeth right, goeth right only for (the good of) his own soul; and as for him who goeth astray - (Unto him) say: Lo! I am only a warner." (Verses 91-92)

In the final two sections the coming of the Day of Judgement is discussed in some detail. Firstly Allah is reassuring the Holy Prophet about his role on Earth - he has been sent as a messenger, a Warner - he cannot make the disbelievers change their attitudes. For them, God's judgement awaits. 

In verse 82, the beast has been described by commentators as one of the first signs of the Day of Judgement. A slow moving creature that will touch the believers with the staff of Prophet Musa and mark the disbelievers with the seal of Prophet Suleyman. Verse 87 reveals another sign, the blowing of the trumpet which will herald the start of the Day of Judgement.

Surah 27 finished and now moving on to Surah 28, Al-Qasas (The Stories). It was revealed at Mecca and has 88 verses in 9 sections.

Surah 28, Al-Qasas (The Stories)
Sections 1 & 2: The narrative of Moses, verses 1-14

"We narrate unto thee (somewhat) of the story of Moses and Pharaoh with truth, for folk who believe. Lo! Pharaoh exalted himself in the earth and made its people castes. A tribe among them he oppressed, killing their sons and sparing their women. Lo! he was of those who work corruption. And We desired to show favour unto those who were oppressed in the earth, and to make them examples and to make them the inheritors, And to establish them in the earth, and to show Pharaoh and Haman and their hosts that which they feared from them.
And We inspired the mother of Moses, saying: Suckle him and, when thou fearest for him, then cast him into the river and fear not nor grieve. Lo! We shall bring him back unto thee and shall make him (one) of Our messengers. And the family of Pharaoh took him up, that he might become for them an enemy and a sorrow, Lo! Pharaoh and Haman and their hosts were ever sinning. And the wife of Pharaoh said: (He will be) a consolation for me and for thee. Kill him not. Peradventure he may be of use to us, or we may choose him for a son. And they perceived not.
And the heart of the mother of Moses became void, and she would have betrayed him if We had not fortified her heart, that she might be of the believers. And she said unto his sister: Trace him. So she observed him from afar, and they perceived not. And We had before forbidden foster-mothers for him, so she said: Shall I show you a household who will rear him for you and take care of him? So We restored him to his mother that she might be comforted and not grieve, and that she might know that the promise of Allah is true. But most of them know not.
And when he reached his full strength and was ripe, We gave him wisdom and knowledge. Thus do We reward the good." (Verses 3-14)

The first part of the story of Prophet Musa is narrated in the first section of Surah 28. As the above verses describe, the Pharaoh was killing every newborn son in his kingdom, but by the mercy of Allah, Prophet Musa was protected. His mother cast him away in the river and he was found by the wife of the Pharaoh who decided to raise him herself. His mother's sister saw that he was taken into Pharaoh's care and sent her sister, the Prophet's mother, to suckle the baby and hence reunite the pair.

Section 2: Moses saved by God from being murdered, verses 15-21

"And he entered the city at a time of carelessness of its folk, and he found therein two men fighting, one of his own caste, and the other of his enemies; and he who was of his caste asked him for help against him who was of his enemies. So Moses struck him with his fist and killed him. He said: This is of the devil's doing. Lo! he is an enemy, a mere misleader. He said: My Lord! Lo! I have wronged my soul, so forgive me. Then He forgave him. Lo! He is the Forgiving, the Merciful." (Verses 15-16)
"And morning found him in the city, fearing, vigilant, when behold! he who had appealed to him the day before cried out to him for help. Moses said unto him: Lo! thou art indeed a mere hothead. And when he would have fallen upon the man who was an enemy unto them both, he said: O Moses! Wouldst thou kill me as thou didst kill a person yesterday. Thou wouldst be nothing but a tyrant in the land, thou wouldst not be of the reformers." (Verses 18-19)
"And a man came from the uttermost part of the city, running. He said: O Moses! Lo! the chiefs take counsel against thee to slay thee; therefor escape. Lo! I am of those who give thee good advice. So he escaped from thence, fearing, vigilant. He said: My Lord! Deliver me from the wrongdoing folk." (Verses 20-21)

Prophet Musa witnessed an Egyptian attacking a Jew whilst he was walking past. He went to defend the Jew at his request and struck the Egyptian. The blow was too forceful and the man was killed. Allah forgave him for the incident. However, the same Jew tried to get Prophet Musa's help once more and this time he was admonished for trying to cause trouble for the Prophet and so he taunted the Prophet (verse 19). Because he had accidentally killed an Egyptian man, the authorities wanted to punish him accordingly. Prophet Musa was warned of the plan and sought the protection of Allah (verse 21).

Section 3: Moses weds, verses 22-28

"And when he came unto the water of Midian he found there a whole tribe of men, watering. And he found apart from them two women keeping back (their flocks). He said: What aileth you? The two said: We cannot give (our flocks) to drink till the shepherds return from the water; and our father is a very old man. So he watered (their flock) for them. Then he turned aside into the shade, and said: My Lord! I am needy of whatever good Thou sendest down for me.
Then there came unto him one of the two women, walking shyly. She said: Lo! my father biddeth thee, that he may reward thee with a payment for that thou didst water (the flock) for us. Then, when he came unto him and told him the (whole) story, he said: Fear not! Thou hast escaped from the wrongdoing folk.One of the two women said: O my father! Hire him! For the best (man) that thou canst hire in the strong, the trustworthy.
He said: Lo! I fain would marry thee to one of these two daughters of mine on condition that thou hirest thyself to me for (the term of) eight pilgrimages. Then if thou completest ten it will be of thine own accord, for I would not make it hard for thee. Allah willing, thou wilt find me of the righteous." (Verses 23-27)

After his escape from the Egyptians, Prophet Musa went towards Midian and arrived at an oasis, hungry and weak. He sat under a tree near a well and saw shepherds giving water to their flocks while two girls waited with their flocks for their turn. The shepherds were drawing water for their own flocks but none drew water for the girls. These two girls were Safura and Safra, daughters of Prophet Shuaib, who was very old and could not come to give water to the flocks. Prophet Musa asked the shepherds to help the young ladies but they told him to draw water for the flocks of the girls himself.

He then walked the two girls back to their home and whilst walking, he told them to walk behind him and in case he needed guidance they could throw a small stone in that direction before him, so as to protect their modesty. Prophet Shuaib met Prophet Musa and gave him food and water to drink. After his daughter's recommendation, Prophet Musa stayed and worked with Prophet Shuaib and was wedded to his daughter.

Section 4: Moses commission with Prophethood, verses 29-42

This section addressed the announcement of Prophet Musa's mission and support from Prophet Harun to face the Pharaoh and invite him to believe in one true God as discussed in previous chapters.

Section 5: Moses' mission referred to, verses 43-50

"And We verily gave the Scripture unto Moses after We had destroyed the generations of old: clear testimonies for mankind, and a guidance and a mercy, that haply they might reflect. And thou (Muhammad) wast not on the western side (of the Mount) when We expounded unto Moses the commandment, and thou wast not among those present; But We brought forth generations, and their lives dragged on for them. And thou wast not a dweller in Midian, reciting unto them Our revelations, but We kept sending (messengers to men). And thou was not beside the Mount when We did call; but (the knowledge of it is) a mercy from thy Lord that thou mayst warn a folk unto whom no warner came before thee, that haply they may give heed." (Verses 43-46)

"But when there came unto them the Truth from Our presence, they said: Why is he not given the like of what was given unto Moses? Did they not disbelieve in that which was given unto Moses of old? They say: Two magics that support each other; and they say: Lo! in both we are disbelievers. Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Then bring a scripture from the presence of Allah that giveth clearer guidance than these two (that) I may follow it, if ye are truthful." (Verses 48-49)

Although the Holy Prophet was not present during the time of Prophet Musa, he has been blessed with the knowledge of his time and his book, the Torah, by Allah. Allah sent the Holy Prophet as a Warner and bearer of glad tidings to mankind in order to save them from eternal chastisement, and more so because if messengers were not sent then disbelievers could say that if one had been sent they would have followed Allah's signs and obeyed the prophets, and become believers. They still disbelieved and tried to challenge the authenticity of the Torah (in its original form) and the Holy Quran

Section 6: Guidance from God has been continuous, verses 51-60

"And now verily We have caused the Word to reach them, that haply they may give heed. Those unto whom We gave the Scripture before it, they believe in it, And when it is recited unto them, they say: We believe in it. Lo! it is the Truth from our Lord. Lo! even before it we were of those who surrender (unto Him)." (Verses 51-53)

"And when they hear vanity they withdraw from it and say: Unto us our works and unto you your works. Peace be unto you! We desire not the ignorant. Lo! thou (O Muhammad) guidest not whom thou lovest, but Allah guideth whom He will. And He is Best Aware of those who walk aright." (Verses 55-56)

"And never did thy Lord destroy the townships, till He had raised up in their mother(-town) a messenger reciting unto them Our revelations. And never did We destroy the townships unless the folk thereof were evil-doers. And whatsoever ye have been given is a comfort of the life of the world and an ornament thereof; and that which Allah hath is better and more lasting. Have ye then no sense?" (Verses 59-60)

Prior to the Holy Prophets mission, there were believers who followed the previous scriptures and then followed the Holy Prophet after he announced his message, they are mentioned and praised in verses 51-56. Once again in verses 59-60 Allah reminds us that every folk had a messenger. The towns that were destroyed were only after they rejected the message.

Section 7: Unity of God, verses 61-75

"On the day when He will call unto them and say: Where are My partners whom ye imagined? Those concerning whom the Word will have come true will say: Our Lord! These are they whom we led astray. We led them astray even as we ourselves were astray. We declare our innocence before Thee: us they never worshipped.And it will be said: Cry unto your (so-called) partners (of Allah). And they will cry unto them, and they will give no answer unto them, and they will see the Doom. Ah, if they had but been guided! And on the Day when He will call unto them and say: What answer gave ye to the messengers?" (Verses 62-65)

"Thy Lord bringeth to pass what He willeth and chooseth. They have never any choice. Glorified be Allah and Exalted above all that they associate (with Him)!" (Verse 66)

"Say: Have ye thought, if Allah made night everlasting for you till the Day of Resurrection, who is a god beside Allah who could bring you light? Will ye not then hear? Say: Have ye thought, if Allah made day everlasting for you till the Day of Resurrection, who is a god beside Allah who could bring you night wherein ye rest? Will ye not then see?" (Verses 71-72)

"And We shall take out from every nation a witness and We shall say: Bring your proof. Then they will know that Allah hath the Truth, and all that they invented will have failed them." (Verse 75)

On the Day of Judgement the disbelievers will be called to bring forward the idols and gods that they worshipped. They will disown them and deny that they wanted to be worshipped. In the process of creation and legislation, Allah is in complete control, mankind has no say. Furthermore, Allah will also call witnesses to verify the conduct of the people on the Day of Judgement.

Section 8: Korah's ruin, verses 76-88

"Now Korah was of Moses' folk, but he oppressed them; and We gave him so much treasure that the stores thereof would verily have been a burden for a troop of mighty men. When his own folk said unto him: Exult not; lo! Allah loveth not the exultant; 
But seek the abode of the Hereafter in that which Allah hath given thee and neglect not thy portion of the world, and be thou kind even as Allah hath been kind to thee, and seek not corruption in the earth; lo! Allah loveth not corrupters,
He said: I have been given it only on account of knowledge I possess. Knew he not that Allah had destroyed already of the generations before him men who were mightier than him in strength and greater in respect of following? The guilty are not questioned of their sins." (Verses 76-78)
"So We caused the earth to swallow him and his dwelling-place. Then he had no host to help him against Allah, nor was he of those who can save themselves. And morning found those who had coveted his place but yesterday crying: Ah, welladay! Allah enlargeth the provision for whom He will of His slaves and straiteneth it (for whom He will). If Allah had not been gracious unto us He would have caused it to swallow us (also). Ah, welladay! the disbelievers never prosper." (Verses 81-82)

"Whoso bringeth a good deed, he will have better than the same; while as for him who bringeth an ill-deed, those who do ill-deeds will be requited only what they did." (Verse 84)

"And cry not unto any other god along with Allah. There is no Allah save Him. Everything will perish save His countenance. His is the command, and unto Him ye will be brought back." (Verse 88)

Korah was a cousin of Prophet Musa who apparently believed in his message but than Allah tested him with wealth and abundance and he was proved to be a disbeliever. After Prophet Musa and his people escaped through the Red Sea, Korah became jealous that Prophet Harun was appointed as his deputy. He bribed woman to claim that she had committed adultery with Prophet Musa. When Prophet Musa challenged her, she revealed the truth and Prophet Musa called on Allah to punish Korah.
Immediately the earth began to swallow him and his followers up and as they cried to Prophet Musa for mercy, he refused and they were buried in the earth. Allah addressed Prophet Musa and said that had Korah and his followers turned to the All Mighty for mercy he would have stopped their punishment.

Moving on to Surah 29, Al-Ankabut (The Spider). Surah 29 was revealed at Mecca and has 69 verses in 7 sections. Chapter 20 has the first 4 sections. It is one of the Surahs that are recited on the night of Layatul-Qadr.

Surah 29, Al-Ankabut (The Spider)
Section 1: Every soul shall be tried, verses 1-13

"Do men imagine that they will be left (at ease) because they say, We believe, and will not be tested with affliction?Lo! We tested those who were before you. Thus Allah knoweth those who are sincere, and knoweth those who feign." (Verses 2-3)

"And as for those who believe and do good works, We shall remit from them their evil deeds and shall repay them the best that they did." (Verse 7)

"We have enjoined on man kindness to parents; but if they strive to make thee join with Me that of which thou hast no knowledge, then obey them not. Unto Me is your return and I shall tell you what ye used to do. And as for those who believe and do good works, We verily shall make them enter in among the righteous." (Verses 8-9)

"Those who disbelieve say unto those who believe: Follow our way (of religion) and we verily will bear your sins (for you). They cannot bear aught of their sins. Lo! they verily are liars. But they verily will bear their own loads and other loads beside their own, and they verily will be questioned on the Day of Resurrection concerning that which they invented." (Verses 12-13)

Allah makes a clear, open declaration in this section that all of mankind will be tested, it is not enough to claims you believe, our faith will be tested. For those who strive in the way of Allah, their sins will be forgiven on the Day of Judgement as a result of their efforts. Mankind is also instructed to obey their parents at all times, unless it compromises their faith in Allah. As for the disbelievers, they will face punishment not only for their actions but also on behalf of those who they led astray.

Section 2: Noah and Abraham's mission, verses 14-22

"And verily we sent Noah (as Our messenger) unto his folk, and he continued with them for a thousand years save fifty years; and the flood engulfed them, for they were wrong-doers. And We rescued him and those with him in the ship, and made of it a portent for the peoples." (Verses 14-15)

"And Abraham! (Remember) when he said unto his folk: Serve Allah, and keep your duty unto Him; that is better for you if ye did but know. Ye serve instead of Allah only idols, and ye only invent a lie. Lo! those whom ye serve instead of Allah own no provision for you. So seek your provision from Allah, and serve Him, and give thanks unto Him, (for) unto Him ye will be brought back." (Verses 16-17)

"Ye cannot escape (from Him) in the earth or in the sky, and beside Allah there is for you no friend or helper." (Verse 22)

The missions of Prophet Nuh and Prophet Ibrahim are touched upon once more. Prophet lived for 950 years preaching the message and unity of God. People continued to disbelieve and were drowned. Prophet Ibrahim, similarly, advised strongly against idol-worship and again people refused to believe and were punished accordingly.

Section 3: Abraham and Lot, verses 23-35

"Those who disbelieve in the revelations of Allah and in (their) Meeting with Him, such have no hope of My mercy. For such there is a painful doom. But the answer of his folk was only that they said: "Kill him" or "Burn him." Then Allah saved him from the Fire. Lo! herein verily are portents for folk who believe." (Verses 23-25)

"And We bestowed on him Isaac and Jacob, and We established the prophethood and the Scripture among his seed, and We gave him his reward in the world, and lo! in the Hereafter he verily is among the righteous." (Verse 27)

"And Lot! (Remember) when he said unto his folk: Lo! ye commit lewdness such as no creature did before you. For come ye not in unto males, and cut ye not the road (for travellers), and commit ye not abomination in your meetings? But the answer of his folk was only that they said: Bring Allah's doom upon us if thou art a truthteller! He said: My Lord! Give me victory over folk who work corruption." (Verses 28-30)

"And when Our messengers brought Abraham the good news, they said: Lo! we are about to destroy the people of that township, for its people are wrong-doers. He said: Lo! Lot is there. They said: We are best aware of who is there. We are to deliver him and his household, all save his wife, who is of those who stay behind." (Verses 31-32)

Section 4: The mission of Abraham, Lot, Shuaib and Moses, verses 35-45

"And unto Midian We sent Shu'eyb, their brother. He said: O my people! Serve Allah, and look forward to the Last Day, and do not evil, making mischief, in the earth. But they denied him, and the dreadful earthquake took them, and morning found them prostrate in their dwelling place." (Verses 36-37)

"And Korah, Pharaoh and Haman! Moses came unto them with clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty), but they were boastful in the land. And they were not winners (in the race). So We took each one in his sin; of them was he on whom We sent a hurricane, and of them was he who was overtaken by the (Awful) Cry, and of them was he whom We caused the earth to swallow, and of them was he whom We drowned. It was not for Allah to wrong them, but they wronged themselves." (Verses 39-40)

"The likeness of those who choose other patrons than Allah is as the likeness of the spider when she taketh unto herself a house, and lo! the frailest of all houses is the spider's house, if they but knew." (Verse 41)

"Recite that which hath been inspired in thee of the Scripture, and establish worship. Lo! worship preserveth from lewdness and iniquity, but verily remembrance of Allah is more important. And Allah knoweth what ye do." (Verse 45)

These verses discuss the stories of Prophets Ibrahim, Shuiab and Musa once more. The last few verses make the analogy of belief in falsehood is like a fragile spider's web which cannot withstand the slightest of wind. Whenever the reason behind any logical argument is brought to bear upon the false dogmas of wrong belief the whole fabric of falsehood is torn to pieces, as a spider's web is blown away by wind.

Chapter 20 ends here and inshallah we complete Surah 29 tomorrow and continue with Surahs 30, 31, 32 and 33.

Thank you for reading.

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